The rebels say President Assad's government has been weakened by the recent assassinations
Arab
League foreign ministers have called on Syrian President Bashar
al-Assad to step down, as rebels tell the BBC they are encouraged by
last week's assassinations in Damascus.
The rebels told the BBC's Paul Wood, undercover near the
Syrian capital, that the deaths of four top officials were a severe blow
to the government.
Our correspondent says Islamist rebels where he is are receiving weapons and money from outside.
Fighting continued overnight.
Government forces recaptured parts of Damascus, the suburbs of Barzeh and Mezzeh, which had fallen into rebel hands.
There and in other quarters, activists said a number of suspected rebels or sympathisers were summarily executed.
Syrian state TV on Monday showed images of Syrian forces
going house to house and kicking down doors in Damascus, searching for
any remaining rebel fighters.
Fighting was also reported in Syria's second city, Aleppo.
'Transitional government'
After an emergency meeting in Qatar, Arab League foreign
ministers called on President Assad to resign rapidly, and offered his
family safe passage out of Syria.
At the scene
Paul Wood
BBC News, undercover with Syrian rebels
After days of walking, we reach a town which is tenuously in
rebel hands. But the town is ringed by Syrian artillery. It starts up at
various times of the day, targeting the orchards where rebel fighters
hide.
During a pause in the shelling, a couple of fighters drive me
and our translator around town, describing some of their recent clashes
with army forces.
The town is deserted now, with plenty of debris on the
streets, burned out cars, big holes in the walls from mortars and
shells. One or two people are walking about though, so it seems people
are still here.
The assassinations in Damascus were a major blow to the regime, the men tell me, but it has retaliated by targeting civilians.
They also called on the Syrian opposition to form a transitional government.
However, the BBC's Jim Muir, in neighbouring Lebanon, says the call appears to have fallen on deaf ears.
Mr Assad held a meeting with his new army chief of staff and
gave him instructions, reportedly including a drive to crush armed
rebels.
The meeting followed last week's attack in Damascus, in which
four senior officials were killed in what the Syrian government
described as a suicide blast.
Rebels outside Damascus, speaking to the BBC's Paul Wood, say the assassinations were a blow to the government.
They told our correspondent the once-feared secret police
were now a spent force, and the government was relying entirely on a
weakened military.
Our correspondent, who is near Damascus, says the rebels are
divided, between the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and the Salafists (hardline
Islamists).
The Salafists are better armed, he says, because they are receiving weapons and money from outside.
Call for aid
Meanwhile, the EU is to tighten sanctions and an arms embargo against President Assad's government.
EU foreign ministers agreed to freeze the assets of 26 individuals and three firms close to the Syrian government.
They will be added to a blacklist which already contains the names of 129 people and 49 entities.
EU member states will also be required to send inspectors to
board planes and ships believed to be carrying weapons or suspicious
supplies to Damascus.
The inspections will only take place on the territory or in the territorial waters of EU states.
Britain and France are calling for more EU aid to refugees from Syria.
"We now have to step up our humanitarian assistance for the
people fleeing across the borders," said UK Foreign Secretary William
Hague.
The EU should also "give more practical support to the Syrian
opposition, including helping them prepare for Syria after Assad," Mr
Hague said as he arrived for talks in Brussels.
On Sunday, the US signed an agreement to give Jordan an additional $100m (£64m) to help refugees fleeing from Syria.
Battle for control
The elite fourth division of the Syrian army, commanded by
President Assad's brother Maher, led the attack on the Barzeh area of
Damascus, said the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
In Mezzeh, government forces "executed" at least 20 men in the area, some activists told the Reuters news agency by telephone.
The battle for control of Aleppo is still going on.
State TV played down the scale of the violence, saying troops were merely hunting down "terrorists".
Rebel commanders have vowed to take it over completely and
use it as a base for liberating the whole country, but state TV said
many armed rebels had fled across the border to Turkey.
BBC sources in Syria also confirmed that rebels were now in
control of the Bab al-Salam border crossing with Turkey. Turkey is not
allowing non-Syrian nationals through so the border remains effectively
closed.
There were also reports of violence in the eastern city of
Deir al-Zour on Sunday. Witnesses told Reuters that it was being
attacked with artillery and rockets from helicopter gunships.
On Sunday, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported
that at least 19,106 people had been killed since March 2011. The UN
said in May that at least 10,000 people had been killed.
Syria blames the violence on foreign-backed "armed terrorist gangs".
In June, the Syrian government reported that 6,947 Syrians
had died, including at least 3,211 civilians and 2,566 security forces
personnel.