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Dutch PM Mark Rutte said he had told Russian President Vladimir Putin that time was "running out" to show he could help. Most crash victims were Dutch.
The UK summoned the Russian envoy and said the "world's eyes" were on Russia.
International observers have had their movements restricted by pro-Russia militiamen who control the crash site.
Both Ukraine and the pr-Russian rebels have accused each other of shooting down the Boeing 777, which was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur.
Flight MH17 was reportedly hit by a missile over a rebel-held area in Donetsk region on Thursday. All 298 people on board died.

'Time running out' The passenger list released by Malaysia Airlines shows the plane was carrying 193 Dutch nationals (including one with dual US nationality), 43 Malaysians (including 15 crew), 27 Australians, 12 Indonesians and 10 Britons (including one with dual South African nationality), four Germans, four Belgians, three from the Philippines, and one each from Canada and New Zealand.
Ukraine has accused militiamen at the site of the Malaysia Airlines crash of trying to destroy evidence of an "international crime".
In a news conference on Saturday, Mr Rutte said he had had an "intense" phone call with Mr Putin.
"I told him 'time is running out for you to show the world that you have good intentions','' Mr Rutte said.
He added that Dutch people were "furious" at pictures of bodies being carried across the open country, and called on the Russian president "to show that he will do what is expected of him and will exert his influence".

The Bedouin man died and family members were injured when a rocket hit their campsite in south Israel, police said.

The Palestinian family of eight were among at least 30 people killed as the death toll in Gaza surged past 300.
UN chief Ban Ki-moon is heading to the region to help mediation efforts.
The visit is aimed at helping Israelis and Palestinians "end the violence and find a way forward", the UN said.
On Friday US President Barack Obama said he was "deeply concerned" about civilian losses in the conflict.
Israel launched ground operations in Gaza following 10 days of air strikes, which failed to stop Hamas firing rockets across the border.
Further rocket attacks on southern Israel were reported on Saturday.
The Israeli military said it killed a Palestinian militant after he infiltrated Israel through a tunnel from central Gaza.

The army said he was among several militants armed with machine-guns aiming to carry out a lethal attack on a nearby Israeli community.

An Israeli patrol repulsed the attack, forcing the militants back into Gaza. Two Israeli soldiers died in the incident, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said.
Reports said residents of the al-Bureij refugee camp in central Gaza received telephone warnings from the IDF telling them to evacuate on Saturday ahead of Israeli military operations.
Earlier, an air strike outside a mosque in the southern town of Khan Younis killed seven people
US President Barack Obama spoke to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Friday, underlining his support for Israel's right to defend itself against Palestinian militants but warning against escalation in Gaza.
President Obama said "no nation should accept rockets being fired into its borders" but called on Israel's military to conduct its operation "in a way that minimises civilian casualties."
Mr Netanyahu has warned of a "significant expansion" of the offensive but Hamas, the Palestinian group that controls Gaza, said Israel would "pay a high price" for the invasion.

Gaza-Israel views on invasion:
"The ground invasion is a bad move because it is going to kill more innocent civilians and would do no good for Israelis." - Abdelraziq, business and management graduate, Gaza
"The ground invasion is a necessary evil. The last thing that Israel would like to do is to risk the lives of its own soldiers and the lives of innocent people, but we have to stop the firing of the rockets and destroy the tunnels." - Doron Youngerwood, marketing manager, Modiin, Israel

At least 60 Palestinians are thought to have been killed since Israel launched the ground offensive in Gaza on Thursday.

More than 330 Palestinians - the vast majority of them civilians - have been killed since the start of the wider Israeli operation on 8 July, according to officials in Gaza.

Three Israeli soldiers and two Israeli civilians have been killed since 8 July and several Israelis have been seriously injured.

Israel says the ground operation is necessary to target a Hamas tunnel network, which the Israel military could not do only from the air.

UN officials say more than 50,000 Palestinians have sought shelter from the offensive.

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said she had sent a report to Congress saying the network met the criteria as a terror group.
She said the US would continue "diplomatic, military and intelligence pressure on the network".
The US has long described the Haqqani group as a major threat.
The network - which has links to al-Qaeda and the Taliban - has carried out a series of high-profile attacks against foreign troops in Afghanistan.
The designation will ban companies and individuals in the US from supporting the group and freeze any US assets it may have.
State department officials said the formal designation would be made in the coming days.
"Today, I have sent a report to Congress saying that the Haqqani network meets the statutory criteria of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) for designation as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation (FTO)," said Mrs Clinton, who is currently attending an Apec (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation) summit in Vladivostok, Russia.
"We also continue our robust campaign of diplomatic, military and intelligence pressure on the network, demonstrating the United States's resolve to degrade the organisation's ability to execute violent attacks."
Mrs Clinton added that she was taking the action "in the context of our overall strategy in Afghanistan" following policy laid out by US President Barack Obama when he visited Afghanistan in May.
The Pentagon said the Haqqani network "represents a significant threat to US national security and we will continue our aggressive military action against this threat".
"These new group designations will build on our efforts to degrade the network's capacity to carry out attacks, including affecting fundraising abilities, targeting them with our military and intelligence resources, and pressing Pakistan to take action," said George Little, the acting Assistant Secretary of Defence for Public Affairs.
Hostage fears In response to the US move, senior commanders of the Haqqani network told Reuters news agency that the decision showed the US was not sincere about peace efforts in Afghanistan.
They also said the move would "bring hardship" for US army sergeant Bowe Bergdahl, 25, who has been held prisoner for more than three years.
The Haqqanis also hold numerous Western, Pakistani and Afghan hostages as well as kidnap-for-ransom victims.
The US has been putting pressure on Pakistan to launch a ground offensive in North Waziristan, where the Haqqanis are based, but Pakistan is reluctant.
The BBC's Jill McGivering says that any such offensive would probably be focused on disrupting the Pakistani Taliban - an internal threat - and not on attacking the Haqqanis, whose battleground is Afghanistan.
The US fears that Islamabad sees the Haqqanis as potential allies after Nato's withdrawal from Afghanistan, she says.
Last year, US Admiral Mike Mullen, former head of the US military, said the Haqqani network had become a "veritable arm" of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency.
Analysts say this prompted suggestions that a designation against the Haqqanis would indirectly be branding Pakistan a terrorist state.
In Washington, the White House has also been under political pressure from Congress to add the Haqqanis to the country's terrorist blacklist.
Congress had set Mrs Clinton a deadline of this weekend to deliver her report.
Meanwhile, the US has been disrupting the group, targeting leaders in drone attacks.
Last month, an air strike in North Waziristan was reported to have killed a key Haqqani commander, Badruddin Haqqani.
He had been described as a senior operational commander, masterminding and directing attacks on high-profile targets.
Correspondents say he was also responsible for training camps and for extorting funds from contractors.

More than 730 people were injured after the quakes hit Yunnan and Guizhou provinces on Friday, state media say.
The tremors struck mostly mountainous areas, causing landslides that blocked some roads.
The US Geological Survey registered the two strongest of the quakes at 5.6 magnitude.
Premier Wen Jiabao is expected to arrive in the area shortly.
Tents dispatched China's Xinhua news agency quoted officials in Yunnan as saying 6,650 houses had been destroyed in the province and 430,000 others damaged.
More than 100,000 people have already been evacuated, said Xinhua, and the Red Cross has sent 650 tents and 3,000 quilts to the region.
The authorities have deployed the army to assist rescue teams in the rough terrain.
"Roads are blocked and rescuers have to climb the mountains to reach hard-hit villages," Li Fuchun, head of Yunnan's Luozehe town, was quoted as saying.
Mobile and regular phone service in the area was experiencing disruption, according to reports.
Most of the deaths were in Yunnan's Yiliang county, said officials.
Television footage from state-run broadcaster CCTV showed hundreds of local residents gathering on streets littered with bricks and rocks.
Users of the Twitter-like wesbite Weibo reported people rushing out of shaking office buildings, and photos posted online also showed streets strewn with rubble.
Aid agencies said they were concerned about the plight of children in the two provinces following the quakes.
"We are especially worried about those who may have been separated from their parents, as more aftershocks are expected to hit the area," Save the Children in China Country Director Pia MacRae said.
The largest of the quakes was also felt in the neighbouring province of Sichuan, where a 7.8 magnitude quake in 2008 left tens of thousands dead.

Both men appeared in Iowa and New Hampshire on the first full day after the end of the party conventions.
Mr Obama conceded that the unemployment figures were "not good enough", while Mr Romney said the president's policies had failed.
The two men are neck-and-neck in the polls two months from election day.
Mr Obama's hope for a poll boost after the three-day Democratic convention, which finishing in North Carolina on Thursday night, faced a challenge from the latest set of weak economic data.
Friday's report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed 96,000 jobs were added in August, fewer than expected. The unemployment rate fell from 8.3% to 8.1%, but only because more people gave up looking for work.
'He tried'
The two men spent Friday campaigning in the swing states of Iowa and New Hampshire, with the president in New Hampshire in the morning before holding an evening rally in Iowa.
Mr Romney did the reverse, making his first appearance of the day in Sioux City, Iowa, before ending his Friday in Nashua, New Hampshire.
"That's not good enough," Mr Obama told a rally in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, talking about the jobs report. "We know it's not good enough.
"We need to create more jobs faster. We need to fill the hole left by this recession faster."
Mr Romney kept up his campaign's focus on lambasting the president's handling of the economy, pouncing on the jobs figures
"This president tried but he didn't understand what it takes to make our economy work. I do."
On financial news broadcaster CNBC, Republican vice-presidential candidate Paul Ryan said: "This is not even close to what a recovery looks like."
Mr Obama is campaigning in the key swing states of New Hampshire and Iowa on Friday, joined by First Lady Michelle Obama, Vice-President Joe Biden and his wife.
The Romney campaign released a glut of 15 anti-Obama ads on Friday as part of a reported $4.5m (£3m) broadcast campaign in eight swing states.
The ads - subtly tailored for each broadcast market - are scheduled to run in Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio and Virginia.
Correspondents say the selection of eight states gives a clear signal about where the Romney campaign will direct its energy during the two-month campaign.
Eastwood's chair explanation In Mr Obama's Thursday night convention speech he offered a string of critiques of Republican policies, while emphasising there was no quick fix for the nation's problems.
"When you pick up that ballot to vote - you will face the clearest choice of any time in a generation," he said.
"Over the next few years, big decisions will be made in Washington: on jobs and the economy; taxes and deficits; energy and education; war and peace - decisions that will have a huge impact on our lives and our children's lives for decades to come."
Also on Friday, Clint Eastwood broke his silence about what inspired his bizarre speech at the Republican convention last week, when he spoke to an empty chair that he said represented Mr Obama.
He told his California hometown newspaper the Carmel Pine Cone that he noticed the seat while waiting backstage to speak.
"When I saw the stool sitting there, it gave me the idea," he said. "I'll just put the stool out there and I'll talk to Mr Obama and ask him why he didn't keep all of the promises he made to everybody."
Eastwood said the Romney campaign had asked for details of what he was going to say, but he told them: "You can't do that with me, because I don't know what I'm going to say."

The boy's classmates saw the gun in his bag and reported it to the school authorities, who alerted the police.
The weapon, which was reportedly loaded, was confiscated and police raided the boy's home.
There they found the weapons and thousands of rounds of ammunition.
The local authorities said they had found a powerful rifle (AR15) at the dining table and in one of the bedrooms, 13,000 rounds of ammunition, pistols and assault rifles, bulletproof vests and two money-counting machines.
Several high-calibre cartridges capable of penetrating body armour - so-called "cop-killers" - were also discovered.
In addition, the police confiscated military uniforms, portable radios and three vehicles, two of them armoured.
A police spokesman said a woman, thought to be the boy's mother, had been arrested at the house but that a man had managed to escape.
The boy was taken into the care of social workers.
This episode is further evidence of the damaging effects the country's violent drug war is having on young people, the BBC's Will Grant in Mexico reports.
Lobby groups have called on the authorities to do more to protect children from falling under the control of the powerful drug gangs, our correspondent says.
One local non-governmental organisation, he adds, has urged parents to routinely check their children's rucksacks for weapons, to help improve security in schools.

A number of children are among the dead. There were no reports of casualties among Isaf troops.
An attacker on a motorbike blew himself up near the entrance, an Isaf spokeswoman told Reuters news agency.
Kabul security has been tightened as supporters of an anti-Taliban warlord mark 11 years since his assassination.
Ahmad Shah Massoud - a hero of the 1980s war against Soviet occupiers, and later of opposition to the Taliban - was killed by al-Qaeda suicide bombers on 9 September 2001.
Following Saturday's explosion, the Isaf HQ at Camp Eggers, which is home to some 2,500 personnel, was placed "on lockdown", the Isaf spokeswoman said.
'Child hawkers' Afghan police confirmed a suicide bomber had struck.
Child street hawkers are believed to have been caught in the blast and witnesses quoted by Reuters said small bodies could be seen being carried to ambulances.
A police official speaking on condition of anonymity told AFP news agency: "Most of the victims are young children who gather around Isaf to sell small items to soldiers leaving or getting into the base."
The US embassy, the Italian embassy and the presidential palace are also located near the site of the attack.
A Taliban spokesman named Zabihullah Mujahid said the militant group had carried out the attack, targeting US intelligence.
Scores of dignitaries are due to attend commemorations of Massoud's death in Kabul on Saturday, which is a national public holiday in his honour.